Read our overview of citric acid and learn about how it is produced. Take a look at versatile applications of the product in several industries and discover the market highlights including projected growth and key players.

Production methods


Citric acid is naturally found in citrus fruits but can also be manufactured. Industrial citric acid is produced mainly through fermentation or by chemical reaction. The latter method is applied to around 90% of global production and involves fermentation with the use of enzymes and microbial strains, most commonly of Aspergillus niger.

The is ongoing research for new methods of citric acid production using industrial wastes and by-products to introduce a manufacturing process that would be both sustainable and cost-effective. Citric acid is commonly available in powdered or granulated form as an anhydrous citric acid or liquid form.

Application


Citric acid has a versatile range of applications in different industries. Around 75% of the industrially produced citric acid is used in the food and beverage sector. The product is an excellent preservative commonly added to canned and jarred goods to help preserve their freshness. It also serves ad a binding agent and thickener in sauces, creams, jellies, marmalades, and jams. Moreover, citric acid serves as an acidulant, antioxidant, and flavor enhancer in fruit-based products. In confectionery and baked goods, it improves the leavening of baking soda. The product is also used to adjust the pH of solutions in the process of beer brewing and wine manufacture.

In the dairy sector, citric acid is used for cheese manufacture and processing. It supports the stabilization of emulsions and prevents fat separation. Citric acid has also been found to have a beneficial effect on animals. Its supplementation to animal feed has showed a positive influence on the improved performance and bone mineralization in broilers, as well as enhanced growth in weaning piglets.

Citric acid is also commonly used in other industries including its application as a chelating agent and water softener in detergents and soaps and as fertilizer in the agricultural sector. In the pharmaceutical industry, the product is used as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient of medications.

Market


The global citric acid market reached a volume of 2.55 million tonnes in 2020. The global market is expected to reach the value of $3.2 billion by 2023 with a projected CAGR of 5.1%. Europe is the largest regional market for citric acid with almost 35% share, while in the Asia Pacific region the market is growing at the fastest pace. The popularity of the product within European countries is owed to the increasing interested in natural additives and food preservatives such as citric acid.

The largest global importer of citric acid is the United States, while China is the key exporter. The U.S. market was valued at $783.5 million and owed over 27% of the global market share in 2020. Chinese citric acid market is expected to be worth $837.4 million by 2027. In China, the market is developing due to the growing interest in packaged foods and beverages. In Europe, the production of citric acid has been steadily growing over the last 5 years and amounted to a value of over $605.5 million in 2020. Within EU-27, Germany is projected to grow at the fastest pace of a CAGR of 3.4% in the next 6 years. In Latin America, the citric acid market is expected to reach $520 million within the next 5 years growing by over 30% from the estimated value of $390 million in 2020.
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Aspects techniques

L’Acide Citrique se présente sous forme de cristaux blancs inodores et a un goût acide assez prononcé. C’est un régulateur d’acidité – lorsqu’il est ajouté à la production, il est responsable de la baisse du pH, agissant ainsi également comme un conservateur, car l’acidification permet une plus longue durée de conservation. L’Acide Citrique permet alors aux denrées alimentaires d’avoir un goût plus acide également. C’est un antioxydant et il a un effet blanchissant, affectant la couleur des fruits ou des légumes. Il a la capacité d’aider à stabiliser les émulsions et empêche la séparation des graisses.


Application

L’Acide Citrique en tant qu’additif alimentaire fonctionne comme E330. C’est un excellent conservateur, ajouté aux produits en conserve et en bocal pour les aider à rester frais. Il est également utilisé comme agent liant et épaississant dans les sauces, les crèmes, les gelées, les marmelades et les confitures. Dans les confiseries et les produits de boulangerie, il améliore le pouvoir levant du bicarbonate de soude. C’est également un ingrédient important dans la fabrication du fromage et de la bière.

L’Acide Citrique est également utilisé dans d’autres industries, notamment comme adoucisseur d’eau dans les détergents et les savons et comme engrais dans le secteur agricole. Il est également ajouté aux aliments pour animaux – il a été démontré qu’une supplémentation en Acide Citrique avait un effet positif sur l’amélioration des performances et la minéralisation osseuse des poulets de chair, ainsi que sur la croissance des porcelets sevrés. En outre, l’Acide Citrique conserve la fraîcheur des aliments plus longtemps et est plus appétissant pour les animaux, ce qui contribue à leur gain de poids.

Dans l’industrie pharmaceutique, on le trouve dans les compléments alimentaires et dans la formulation des médicaments. L’Acide Citrique masque leur goût amer, possède également des propriétés effervescentes et a une fonction stabilisatrice.

L’Acide Citrique est aussi couramment utilisé dans la production de cosmétiques. Comme il a un effet éclaircissant, on le trouve dans les cosmétiques pour peaux à imperfections. En outre, il agit comme un antioxydant et prolonge la durée de conservation des cosmétiques. Les cosmétiques bénéficient également du fait que l’Acide Citrique lisse les rides et a un effet exfoliant.

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